Gender differences in lung cancer epidemiology - do Austrian male lung cancer patients still die earlier in life?

Objective: Previous analyses reported an unexpected decline of mean age of death of Austrian male lung cancer patients until 1996 and a subsequent turnaround of this epidemiological trend after the mid-1990s until 2007. In light of ongoing changes in smoking behavior of men and women, this study aims to investigate the development of mean age of death from lung cancer in Austria during the past three decades. Materials and methods: This study used data about the annual mean age of death from lung cancer, including malignant neoplasm of trachea, bronchus and lung, between 1992 and 2021 obtained from Statistics Austria, Federal Institution under Public Law. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t-tests were applied to explore any significant differences of mean values in the course of time as well as between men and women. Results: Overall, mean age of death of male lung cancer patients increased consistently throughout the observed time periods, whereas women did not show any statistically significant change in the last decades. Conclusion: Possible reasons for the reported epidemiological development are discussed in this article. Research and Public Health measures should increasingly focus on smoking behaviors of female adolescents.

Price Policy and Taxation as Effective Strategies for Tobacco Control.

Objective: Only 13% of the world's population are living in countries imposing appropriate tobacco tax-rates. This study aims to promote the implementation of price policy measures as a striking tobacco control strategy in Austria and to encourage other countries to further increase their taxes to WHO best-practice levels. Method: This study used the yearly economic data from Austria from 1997 to 2015. Applying a model for regression analysis, the price elasticity of total tobacco consumption was estimated. Results: Between 1997 and 2015 the price elasticity of demand for tobacco products (including cigarettes, cigars, and other tobaccos) was -0.661, however, the result is statistically insignificant. When excluding 2 anomalous years and removing a variable of the regression model the elasticity was -0.691 and statistically significant, indicating that a 1% increase in tobacco prices will result in a 0.691% decrease of tobacco consumption. Conclusion: The responsiveness of Austrian smokers to price changes has increased during the last decades. Because other activities showed no significance in the analysis, this study should encourage countries world-wide to use price policy and taxation more intensively in order to reduce smoking rates effectively.